SI-011-07 :
AI Infrastructure &
National Compute Power Strategy

Situation

Artificial Intelligence is rapidly becoming the core engine of economic growth, national competitiveness, and technological leadership. However, AI development is fundamentally constrained by access to high-performance compute infrastructure, including GPUs, accelerators, data centers, and optimized cloud environments.

Thailand currently faces structural limitations:

• Limited domestic high-performance compute (HPC) and GPU clusters

• Heavy reliance on foreign cloud providers for AI workloads

• High cost and restricted access to advanced chips and AI infrastructure

• Fragmented AI ecosystem across academia, government, and private sector

As AI adoption accelerates, Thailand risks becoming a consumer of AI technologies rather than a producer or controller.

Shift

The global AI landscape is shifting from algorithm-centric competition → compute-centric dominance.

Key dynamics include:

• Control over GPU clusters and AI supercomputing capacity

• Vertical integration of data → compute → models → applications

• Strategic restrictions on advanced semiconductor exports

• Emergence of “AI Sovereignty” as a national priority

AI power is no longer defined by talent alone—but by compute scale, data access, and infrastructure control.

Advantage

Thailand can build a Regional AI Compute Hub Strategy by leveraging:

• Growing demand for AI infrastructure across ASEAN

• Synergy with data center expansion and cloud strategy (SI-011-01)

• Availability of energy and land for scalable compute clusters (linked to SI-004)

• Strategic neutrality enabling access to multi-bloc technology sources

This allows Thailand to position itself as:

“ASEAN’s AI Compute & Processing Hub”

—not just an AI user, but a compute provider and AI enabler.

Additional Structural Advantage

Thailand can design an integrated AI infrastructure ecosystem:

• Compute Layer → National GPU clusters, AI supercomputing centers

• Cloud Integration Layer → AI-ready cloud infrastructure with hybrid deployment

• Data Layer → Integration with national data governance and data exchange systems (SI-011-02)

• Talent & Research Layer → Universities, AI labs, and industry collaboration

• Application Layer → Sector-specific AI deployment (finance, health, logistics, public services)

Supported by:

• Public–private investment models

• Strategic procurement and chip access agreements

• Energy infrastructure alignment for high-density compute

This creates a system where AI capability is vertically integrated and nationally scalable.

Implication

Without national AI compute capability:

• Thailand remains dependent on foreign AI platforms and services

• Limited ability to develop sovereign AI models and applications

• Economic value from AI is captured externally

• National competitiveness declines in the AI-driven global economy

With strong AI infrastructure:

• Thailand gains control over AI development capacity

• Enables domestic innovation and high-value industries

• Attracts regional AI workloads and investment

• Positions Thailand as a key node in the global AI ecosystem

Action Layer